DELBEY Th., QUEVEDO A. y LAUBENHEIMMER F. (2015) – « Amphores vinaires Gauloise 4 de Narbonnaise (France) exportées à Carthagène (Espagne ?) », Archeosciences, 39, 2015, p. 185-199.
Strength of wine trade during early Roman Empire is evidenced by the wide geographical distribution of Gauloise 4 amphorae crafted in Narbonnensis area. Extension of that trade to Iberian Peninsula has previously been recorded, but remains very poorly understood. Recent discovery in Cartagena of several pottery sherds closely similar to Gaulish productions led us to investigate their provenance. Eight different amphorae sherds were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence and compared to a solid database of more than 700 amphorae samples produced in south of France. Data was then analyzed by a hybrid clustering method combining Principal component analysis and Dynamic cloud algorithms derived from K-means method. Results were subsequently validated with a Factorial discriminant analysis associated to a cross-validation method. The very high probability of attribution we obtained allowed us to conclude that at least five of the eight samples were produced in workshops located in the Narbonnensis area.